Effects of nitrogen Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a common element in nature. Approximately 78% of the earth?s atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas (N2). As nitrogen naturally cycles through the air, soil and water, it undergoes various chemical and biological transformations. These reactions result in the formation of nitrogen-based compounds and molecules, which are essential for the growth of plants, animals and humans. Agricultural production is dependent, in part, on the cycling of nitrogen within the rural environment.

Nitrogen forms and pathways within an agricultural production systemIdeally, it would be most economically and environmentally beneficial to keep all the nitrogen in this tight cycle for food production. In reality, however, some leakage occurs. Where there is too much nitrogen leakage, there can be environmental harm.

This Factsheet describes some of the impacts on the environment that can result when certain forms of agricultural nitrogen enter our surface water, groundwater and air, and identifies best management practices for minimizing nitrogen losses.